Educational Inclusion of Students with Special Educational Needs at Secondary and Higher Education Levels: Challenges and Strategies

Abstract

The educational inclusion of students with special learning needs at high school and college education level, represent a fundamental challenge in ensuring equity, participation, and meaningful learning. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main challenges and strategies related to the implementation of inclusive practices from a teaching perspective. The research was conducted using a mixed methodological approach, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. A survey was administered to 33 teachers with experience in supporting students with special educational needs. The results show a predominantly positive attitude toward educational inclusion; however, significant barriers were identified, including teacher training, the availability of instructional and technological resources, school infrastructure, and limited collaboration among teachers. Likewise, it was observed that the systematic implementation of curricular adaptations and inclusive methodologies is still incipient, which restricts the full development of students. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed aimed at strengthening teacher training, promoting curricular flexibility, increasing the use of educational technologies, and consolidating accessible and equal learning environments. It is concluded that inclusive education requires comprehensive institutional commitment that favors the development of an inclusive school culture and guarantees quality education for all.