Analysis of the insulation capacity of closed porosity materials: thermal shield

Abstract

The study “Thermal Shield” explores the feasibility of developing ceramic bricks with closed porosity induced by starch, aimed at reducing thermal conductivity without compromising structural integrity. From a materials engineering perspective, the controlled combination of kaolin, diatomite, and bentonite—with starch contents ranging from 10% to 30%—enabled the formation of lightweight ceramic matrices exhibiting decreasing densities from 0.937 to 0.823 g/cm³. This reduction in density directly correlated with a significant decrease in thermal conductivity, achieving reductions of up to 81.04% compared to standard alumina (0.12 W/mK). The pyrolysis and sintering process at 980 °C ensured the formation of stable closed pores, attributable to the thermal decomposition of starch. This behavior demonstrates effective control of heat transfer by conduction and microstructural optimization without the use of Portland cement. In terms of sustainability, the results position these ceramics as viable alternatives to conventional synthetic insulators, combining low environmental impact, thermal stability, and durability.