Optimización y caracterización de biocompuestos de PLA con fibras de Elaeis guineensis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/mdi.v13i22.334Palabras clave:
Biocompuestos, Ácido poliláctico, Fibra de raquis de palma africana, propiedades mecánicas, SostenibilidadResumen
El impacto ambiental generado por residuos sólidos ha impulsado el desarrollo de materiales sostenibles. Este estudio evalúa biocompuestos elaborados con ácido poliláctico (PLA) reforzado con fibras del raquis de palma africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), un residuo agroindustrial subutilizado. Se incorporaron fibras cortas y whiskers de celulosa, tratadas térmica y químicamente, alcanzando una pureza celulósica del 48%. Las propiedades térmicas, estructurales y mecánicas se analizaron mediante FTIR, TGA, DSC y SEM. La adición de fibras mejoró el módulo de elasticidad del PLA hasta en un 10%; sin embargo, a una concentración del 30%, la resistencia a la tracción disminuyó por baja compatibilidad interfacial. Los análisis térmicos evidenciaron buena estabilidad y comportamiento de fusión influenciado por el contenido de refuerzo. Los resultados confirman la viabilidad técnica de emplear fibras de palma africana como refuerzo en matrices biodegradables, promoviendo la valorización de residuos agrícolas y el diseño de materiales poliméricos ecológicos.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
